Pouring or dropping vessel



Oct. 4, 1938. v 2,132,120 s. SCHEYER, NEE VON PEZACHOWICZ El AL' POURING OR DROPPING VESSEL Filed July 24, 1957 Patented Oct. 4, 1938 Sophie Scheyer (ne von Pezachowicz) and Sandro Arcari, Munich, Germany Application July 24,

1937, Serial No. 155,382

In Germany June 3, 1936 I 9 Claims.

The invention relates to pouring or dropping vessels, the pouring devices of which are provided with so-called capillary grooves. Such vessels with capillary grooves in the pouring device are known per se.

The object of the invention is vessels such as bottles or the like having a capillary groove provided on the spout opening, the base of which, in longitudinal section, is curved in an essentially syphon-like manner from the inside to the outside, for controlling the out-flowing stream of liquid, e. g. for measuring drops out of the bottle or for preventing the final drop after the termination of flow from the bottle.

One of the aims of the invention is to provide dropping bottles which completely satisfy for the measuring of the drops which is necessary in practice and are, however, cheap and capable of being manufactured by mass production by a simple pressing process. Such dropping-bottles, particularly asused by chemists for preparing medicines, must give drops for example so accurately and uniformly that there are always twenty drops to each gramme of water. The control of this dropping of the bottle is an object of the present invention.

According to the invention it is proposed the capillary groove, widening in known manner preferably towards the mouth, is narrowest and deepest at the highest portion thereof, 1. e. at the upper edge of the bottle. The groove at its highest part is preferably less than one mm. broad, preferably f to mm., whereas its depth at this place is more than 1 mm.

'The groove has preferably transverse grooves which according to the invention are situated in the outwardly and downwardly directed portion of the capillary groove and are preferably sharp edged.

Further features of the invention will appear fromthe description in which several examples aredescribed'with reference to the accompanying drawing which are substantially to scale.

Fig. 1 shows a bottle with a capillary groove, according to the invention.

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the bottle that bottle in the longitudinal direction of the capillary groove.

Bottles l are shown in the drawing, which have spout-like projections 2 in which capillary grooves 3 are provided in known manner.

As can be seen from Fig. 5, the bottom 4 of the capillary groove 3 is curved in a syphon-like manner from the inside to the outside. The groove is very narrow at its highest portion at 5 (Fig. 4) and broadens towards the interior of the bottle as well as outwardly towards the mouth end of the groove.

Practical tests with bottles according to the invention constructed for trial, have shown that to obtain the above stated conditions, i. e. about 20 drops of water to the gramme, the breadth of the groove at is highest part at 5, should be less than 1 mm. and preferably to mm., whereas the depth of the groove at this point should be somewhat more than 1 mm. The flattened mouth-end of the groove will notbe made much broader than 2 mm.

As can be seen from Fig. 4, the groove also broadens'from the highest point at 5 towards the inside. The mouth of the bottle is indented at 6 in the direction of the highest portion of the groove in order that the largest possible amount of water may accumulate above the narrowest portion of the groove during the dropping of the liquid. For the same purpose the groove, shortly before the highest part thereof at 5', and towards the inside at 9, will be deepest. -When the bottle is inclined during dropping, the liquid, at first, collects in the deepened and broadened part of the groove before the narrowest part .5, since the liquid cannot immediately pass through the narrow part of the groove. The' liquid then sucks itself through the narr'owest part of the groove at 5 without anyfurther inclination of the bottle and then reaches the broadened part of the groove which flattens towards the mouth end thereof. Once the liquid has reached the mouth end dropping begins without any substantial further inclination of the bottle. By means of this arrangement it is pos-- sible 'to make the dropping from the bottle substantially independent of trembling of the hand or of slight shaking of the bottle. The size of the drops is essentially dependent upon the breadth of the capillary groove at its highest point. ,The broadening of the grooveptowa'rds capillary groove, so that it can thereafter flow substantially freely and after the liquid emerges from the narrowest portion of the groove the formation of the drops can be effected by other means.

A number of other features of the grooves affect the uniformity and the size of the drops. The flattening of the groove towards the mouth end causes the drops to be smaller because by this means the volume and capacity of the groove are decreased.

For influencing the size of the drops a shorter projection 1 (Figs. 1 and 2) is also of importance. The projection 1 has approximately the breadth of the mouth end of the bottom of the-groove.,

The projection serves to effect the retaining and fallingof the drops. The inclination of theprojection to the axis of the bottle as well'as its length in the direction of the bottom of the groove determine the size of the drops and the frequency of dropping. A sharply pointed projection will increase the frequency. On the other hand, with larger projections, thedrops forming at the mouth end remain attached longer and thereby gain timeto increase in'size. A shortening of the projection will therefore cause a reduction in the size ofthe drops. 1 Transverse grooves 8 extendingfrom the main groove in a sideways direction have proved to be essential for influencing the size of the drops and the frequency of dropping. The arrangement of transverse grooves is already known in capillary grooves in order to prevent dripping after the termination of pouring from a container provided with such a groove. However, in the present invention the transverse grooves have another significance in as much as they are intended to influencethe frequencyof dropping. They may therefore act as a kind of brake: The uniformity of the single drops and therewith the size of the'drops can also be infiuenced'b the transverse grooves. r

In Figs. 2 and 3 droppingbottles are shown in which the downwardly and outwardly directed part of the capillary grooves have transverse grooves. The transverse grooves 8 shown in Fig. 2 cut relatively deeply into the material of the side walls. The bottom of the side grooves is situated at substantially the same height as the bottom of the main groove. Dropping tests with distilled water from bottles the groove of which hasthe dimensions specified above and possesses two transverse grooves on each side of the main groove have shown that 21 drops can'be obtained from one gramme of water. i The transverse grooves 8 shown in Fig. 3 are substantially shorter than the. grooves shown in Fig. 2. The transverse grooves 8 of Fig. '3 are also formed with sharp corners. In this embodiment. five short transverse grooves are provided on eachside of the main groove. 1

The influencing of the speed of flow during dropping is achieved in that the flowing liquid is subjected only to a fluid friction at the fiuicl filled. transverse grooves 8, whereas, in the absence of the transverse grooves, it is subjected to the entire wall friction. By the suitable choice of the number and depth of the transverse grooves in the downwardly directed part of the main groove, the dropping liquid as well as the uniformity of the drops can easily be controlled.

The transverse grooves 8 have furthermore the importance that they form spare quantities of liquid, whichduring a too small flow from the bottle, e, g. if the hand is not held sufficiently I steady during pouring nevertheless maintain the drops uniform. On the other hand, it can be achieved that, by the provision of transverse grooves, even during too great a flow through the groove, the superfluous amount of liquid, e. g. during the first drops, will be received in the transverse grooves 8. The transverse grooves 8 on the dropping groove 3 thus operate something like the known sluices or the space between the sluices in the regulation 'of river flow.

In the grooves formed according to the invention, which are very narrow in their highest part, the provision of auxiliary grooves overlying the main groove has been shown to bevery advantageous when they are such as to lie over the small main groove so that the wall of the groove descends step-wise to the base thereof.

The dropping of certain liquids demands very narrowly formed grooves of a few tenths of a' millimetre. In such cases, it is occasionally difficult to send the liquid through. the narrow. part of. the groove in order to wet it, inv orderthat the dropping may be reliable from the start. If, however, a wider grooveis laid overthe narrower one, one can easily send the first drops of liquid through the broader overlying. groove and after the lower narrower groove has been .wetted .by the first drops, only allow the liquid feed for'the further drops to pass through the narrow groove. 7

Even in such cases, transverse grooves could be provided. The depths of the transverse grooves could conveniently be so chosen that thetransverse grooves extended. to the wall of theoverrally not limitedto glass bottlesbut is applica ble to liquid containers of porcelain, earthen-.- ware, German silver, aluminum, enamel silver and other metals r In the manufacture 'of such-grooves in porcelain vessels definite rules must be observed if it is desired to stop dripping afterfthe end of flow with reliability. For example, in ,capillary grooves, the base of which runs from theinside to the outside in substantially syphon, form in the shape of a semi-circle, inlongitudinalsection, the apex of the spout must be exactly in the middle. The grooves should widen out in the forward end of the spout ina funnelshapein the direction of flow and they shouldbesome what elongated and pointed in the backward direction towards the inside of thespout. Besides, the interior of the vessel. and the grooves must be free from all unevennessfand steps which might prevent return flow of'theliquid and act as a darn. Furthermore, the grooves should be rightangled in cross-secti on and have sharp corners. The extreme end of the spout should also be sharp cornered. n I n In order to prevent subsequent changes in the shape of the groove during the firing, one prefer.- ably so proceeds in the case of porcelainivessels, that after molding the vessel is slowly driedand fired in order to avoid distortion. Before glaze ing the fired bodies the groove is, according to the invention, wetted with a brush and if 'necessary remodelled in order, to, regain the desired form which may have been damaged bythe firing. After the immersion o'ffthe vessel in; the glaze and the subsequent firingthereof, the glazing on the groove can be 'easilyre'moved since,

as a result of the previous wetting, it does not adhere to the porcelain. Then, with the help of a brush a thin glaze is put on the walls of the groove and firing takes place again for a short time. In this manner the sharp cornered property of the groove which increases adhesion, and the semicircular form thereof are retained, and not distorted by the usual glazing. This process can be repeated several times for thick glazes.

We claim:

1. In a dropping vessel, a spout, a capillary groove of non uniform depth and width in the spout the bottom of said groove curved like a syphon, and side walls of said groove shaped as to define the narrowest and deepest cross-section of said capillary groove in the region of the highest point of its Syphon-curved bottom.

2. In a dropping vessel, a spout, a capillary groove of non uniform depth and Width in the spout the bottom of said groove curved like a syphon, and side walls of said groove shaped as to define the narrowest and deepest cross section of said capillary groove in the region of the highest point of its Syphon-curved bottom, and to diverge towards the outer and inner ends of the capillary groove.

3. In a dropping vessel, a spout, a capillary groove of non uniform depth and width in the spout the bottom of said groove curved like a syphon, side walls of said groove shaped as to define the narrowest and deepest cross section of said capillary groove in the region of the highest point of its Syphon-curved bottom, and a downwardly directed lip at the outer end of the groove.

4. In a dropping vessel, a spout, a capillary groove of non uniform depth and width in the spout the bottom of said groove curved like a syphon, and side walls of said groove shaped as to define the narrowest and deepest cross section of said capillary groove in the region of the highest point of its syphon-curved bottom, the side walls defining transverse grooves, extending outwardly from their inner surfaces, between said cross section and the outer end of the capillary groove.

5. In a dropping vessel, a spout, a capillary groove of non uniform depth and width in the spout the bottom of said groove curved like a syphon, and side walls of said groove shaped as to define the narrowest and deepest cross section of said capillary groove in the region of the highest point of its syphon-curved bottom, the side walls defining sharp edged transverse grooves extending outwardly between said cross section and the outer end of the capillary groove.

6. In a dropping vessel, a spout, a capillary groove of non uniform depth and Width in the spout the bottom of said groove curved like a syphon, and side walls of said groove shaped as to define the narrowest and deepest cross section of said capillary groove in the region of 'the highest point of its syphon-curved bottom, the width of said cross section not exceeding and its depth exceeding one millimeter.

7. In a dropping vessel, a spout, a capillary groove of non uniform depth and width in the spout the bottom of said groove curved like a syphon, and side walls of said groove shaped as to define the narrowest and deepest cross section of said capillary groove in the region of the. highest point of its syphon-curved bottom, said groove being longer outwardly irom said cross section than inwardly.

8. In a dropping vessel, a spout, a capillary groove of non uniform depth and width in the spout the bottom of said groove curved like a syphon, and side walls of said groove shaped as to define the narrowest and deepest cross section of said capillary groove in the region of the highest point of its syphon-curved bottom, said bottom being substantially straight outwardly from said cross section and longer there than inwardly.

9. In a dropping Vessel, a spout, a capillary groove of non uniform depth and width in the spout the bottom of said groove curved like a syphon, and side walls of said groove shaped as to define the narrowest and deepest cross section of said capillary groove in the region of the highest point of its Syphon-curved bottom, said bottom being but slightly curved outwardly from said cross section and longer there than inwardly.

SOPHIE SCHEYER, BORN VON PEZACHOWICZ. SANDRO ARCARI. 

